A Look at the Environment Surrounding the Hale Byrnes-House

The George Washington Witness Tree

A significant part of the environment around the Hale-Byrnes House is an almost 300 year old Sycamore tree known as the George Washington Witness Tree, so named because it was under this tree that George Washington held a Council of War on September 6, 1777. We invite yo to visit our The Witness Tree page to find out more about this historic tree.

2008 White Clay Creek Watershed Report

The White Clay Creek National Wild and Scenic River program is administered by the bi-state Watershed Management Committee that includes residents, interest groups, and state and local governments. The National Park Service provides funds and staff assistance to further the implementation of the Management Plan. The committee meets on a regular basis and works to:

  • Improve and conserve water quality and water quantity.
  • Conserve open space, woodlands, wetlands, and geologic features.
  • Protect native plant and animal species.
  • Preserve cultural, historical, and archaeological sites.
  • Enhance outdoor recreation opportunities
  • Encourage environmental education and watershed awareness.

This article review the plan and basis to maintain and improve the White Clay Creek's current state. Please click on the link below for more details on how the White Clay Creek National Wild and Scenic River Program is administered by the bi-state Watershed Management Committee.

2011 UD Fish America Foundation Grant

This article reviews the support planned in aiding the restoration of the shad to the White Clay Creek after the planned removal of a dam. The Water Resource Agency, a unit of the University of Delaware's Institute for Public Administration, was awarded a $42,000 grant from the Fish America Foundation, part of the American Sport-fishing Association, to supplement ongoing work to help restore the American Shad back to the creek. (NOTE: see Surface Water-Groundwater Exchange Behind the Hale-Byrnes House section below for an update in 2015.)

"The FAF funds will be used for research, design, and investigative studies for the removal of Dam No. 1 at Delaware Race Track in Stanton, Del., seven miles downstream from the UD campus. Fish-abundance studies conducted by Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) fisheries biologists last spring confirmed that this dam is indeed a barrier to migration and spawning of anadromous fish; up to 1,000 hickory shad were detected downstream from the dam and none upstream>'

UDaily

Brandywine Valley Trees

This 2015 article from The Hunt magazine, looks back over the history of Brandywine Valley Trees, including the George Washington Witness Tree, the great Sycamore Tree that stands next to the Hale-Byrnes House.

"There are over three trillion trees on our planet. In this area, trees surround us, but at one time, there were even more. It’s estimated that 75 percent of the original Piedmont watershed forests are gone. Those giants still living among us are special because they’re survivors —through the seasons, through the years and through the centuries.

What stories can these ancient ones tell us? What significant events in our history did they witness? Please click on the link below to read more.

2015 White Clay Creek Dam Removal

This report is based on the project of removing Dam No. 1 in the White Clay Creek - the Daniel Byrnes' Mill Dam - at Delaware Race Track in Stanton, DE. The report goes over the project of removing the dam and the plan to restore the dam in due time to have the fish to return to their natural habitat before the dam was ever made.

"The objective of this project was to remove White Clay Creek Dam No. 1 (RM 4.2) to reopen 3.5 miles and 42 acres of spawning habitat along the National Wild and Scenic River for the passage of American shad, hickory shad, and herring in New Castle County, Delaware. The dam was removed by the contractor on December 4 and 5, 2014. This was the first dam removal project for fish passage in the State of Delaware."

University of Delaware

Surface Water-Groundwater Exchange Behind the Hale-Byrnes House

This 2015 article describes the science behind the surface water-groundwater exchange behind the Hale-Byrnes House and how that exchange affects the Tidal Freshwater Zones of the White Clay Creek in Delaware.

In coastal rivers, tides can propagate for tens to hundreds of kilometers inland beyond the saltwater line. Yet the influence of tides on river-aquifer connectivity and solute transport in tidal freshwater zones (TFZs) is largely unknown.... A clear need exists to understand contaminant removal and other ecosystem services in TFZs and adopt best management practices to promote these ecosystem services.

Cole Thomas Musial

Will Shad Return?

This article from the May 24, 2015 edition of The News Journal questions whether or not Shad and other fish will return after the Daniel Byrnes Mill Dam was removed from the White Clay Creek. The dam was removed in an effort to restore fish passage up the creek because the dam was blocking the upstream movement of American and hickory shad. Knowing this, the main question asked by Gerald Kauffman, the director of the Water Resource Agency at the University of Delaware, was "Will They Return?". This question came up after Kauffman's inspection of the creek after the removal of the dam indicated that despite all the right conditions existing for the Shad's habitat there was a lack of schools of fish in the water .

Flooding at the Hale-Byrnes House

The White Clay Creek floods around the Hale-Byrnes House due to a combination of its location within the natural floodplain, increased impervious surfaces upstream from urban development, and an increased frequency of intense large storm events.

  • Location in the Floodplain: The Hale-Byrnes House is situated in a low-lying area directly adjacent to the creek. While floodplains in the Piedmont region tend to be narrow, any structure built within this area is inherently vulnerable to inundation when the creek overflows its banks, which is a natural phenomenon. Historically, a dam (Byrnes Mill Dam) was even constructed during colonial times to divert water to a mill at the house, confirming its historical proximity and relationship with the water source.
  • Increased Impervious Surfaces: Development throughout the watershed, particularly in the Delaware portion, has led to a significant increase in man-made surfaces like concrete and asphalt. These surfaces prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground naturally. Instead, the water runs off quickly into the streams, dramatically increasing the speed and volume of stormwater runoff and contributing to more destructive and frequent flooding.
  • More Frequent Intense Storms: The region is experiencing more frequent and intense rain events, a trend driven partly by climate change. These large storm events (such as the remnants of Tropical Storm Henri in 2003) overwhelm the natural capacity of the creek and existing infrastructure, leading to severe flooding even in areas where the existing FEMA flood maps might be outdated

The photos below taken after a storm on July, 9, in 2025 provide an example of how the area around the Hale-Byrnes House is prone to flooding. The basement of the home can get up to several inches of water when the White Clay Creek floods.

The link below will take you to a PowerPoint Presentation with pictures showing flooding around the Hale-Byrnes House from 2010 to 2024:

The DSPA Hale-Byrnes House is owned by the State of Delaware but is run by our 501c-3 non-profit.  We do not receive public money for routine maintenance, insurance, grounds upkeep, or flood clean-up. Your dues and contributions help us maintain the building and grounds and support our ongoing public programs. Your membership or donation will give you the satisfaction of knowing you are contributing to our heritage. Contributions are tax deductible. If you wish to donate to help us with flood clean-up as well as other maintenance and ground upkeep, please visit our Donation Page.